Aphasia
WHAT IS APHASIA ?
Aphasia is a disturbance of the comprehension and expression of language caused by dysfunction in the brain. Aphasia is alanguage disorder (a = not, phasia = speaking) Aphasia is not a speech disorder.
Aphasia occurs when you know what to say but you are unable to put it down in writing or find it difficult to speak. for people with aphasia this is a daily reality. Someone can notsay what he wants. There is a problem with understandingand producing language. Either people can not reach their language, can not use the words in their language or do not understand the language so well.
Aphasia occurs when you know what to say but you are unable to put it down in writing or find it difficult to speak. for people with aphasia this is a daily reality. Someone can notsay what he wants. There is a problem with understandingand producing language. Either people can not reach their language, can not use the words in their language or do not understand the language so well.
Note...! Aphasia does not affect intelligence! Because people with aphasia have difficulty communicating, others often mistakenly assume they are mentally ill or have mental retardation., but the person's intelligence is basically intact.
Aphasia may make it difficult to:
- Speak
- Understand spoken language
- Read
- Write
- Use numbers and do calculations
- Use non-verbal gesturing
©ILLUSTRATION Carolina Firenza and James Newbary
WHEN DO YOU GET APHASIA ?
Aphasia usually occurs after a hemorrhage in the left hemisphere, because that is in 90% of humanity where the language area is situated. Strokes that damage the frontal and parietal lobes in the right hemisphere of the brain can cause a person to have difficulty expressing and processing language. Acute aphasia disorders usually develop quickly as a result of head injury or stroke, and progressive forms of aphasia develop slowly from a brain tumor, infection, ordementia.
The terms Broca's aphasia (difficulty with speaking andlanguage) and Wernicke's Aphasia (impaired language comprehension in listening and reading) are used less oftenthan before, because there is a mixed picture; global aphasia.
The terms Broca's aphasia (difficulty with speaking andlanguage) and Wernicke's Aphasia (impaired language comprehension in listening and reading) are used less oftenthan before, because there is a mixed picture; global aphasia.
Damage to Broca's region of the brain
Patients with this disorder have both problems withspontaneous speech as well with the repetition of words or phrases.
The speech is often jerky. They also have difficultyunderstanding grammatical aspects of language: also calledagrammatism. ( the inability to speak in a grammatically correct fashion) People with agrammatism may havetelegraphic speech.
The speech is often jerky. They also have difficultyunderstanding grammatical aspects of language: also calledagrammatism. ( the inability to speak in a grammatically correct fashion) People with agrammatism may havetelegraphic speech.
This is evident not only in language expression, but also the understanding of sentences. For example, the phrase "the boyate the cookie pose fewer problems than the more complex sentence" the boy was kicked by the girl. "
The second sentence is more difficult. If the patient is asked to say after this sentence, he will probably say, "boy kicks girl.
The second sentence is more difficult. If the patient is asked to say after this sentence, he will probably say, "boy kicks girl.
Damage in Wernicke's region of the brain
The region of the brain that plays a role in understandinglanguage is named after the discoverer Carl Wernicke.
It is also called the sensory speech center and is the oppositeof the motor speech center: the center of Broca.
Disease or damage in Wernicke's region can lead to dyslexiaand sensory aphasia.
The spoken language of wernicke patients usually soundssmooth, but lacks meaning. The Wernicke's area is usually in the left temporal lobe of the brains.
It is also called the sensory speech center and is the oppositeof the motor speech center: the center of Broca.
Disease or damage in Wernicke's region can lead to dyslexiaand sensory aphasia.
The spoken language of wernicke patients usually soundssmooth, but lacks meaning. The Wernicke's area is usually in the left temporal lobe of the brains.
APHASIA TYPES
Aphasia types include expressive aphasia, receptive aphasia,conduction aphasia, anomic aphasia, global aphasia, primary progressive aphasias and many others.
Aphasia is different for everyone. The severity and extent ofaphasia depend on the location and severity of the brain injury, the former language ability and one's personality.
Some people with aphasia can understand language but have trouble finding the right words or the construction ofsentences.
Some people with aphasia turning letters of a word.
Others speak a lot, but what they say is difficult to understand; these people often have great difficulty understanding language themselves.
The language ability of most people with aphasia is somewherebetween these two extremes. Note that a person with aphasiagenerally still have full intellectual capacities!
Some people with aphasia can understand language but have trouble finding the right words or the construction ofsentences.
Some people with aphasia turning letters of a word.
Others speak a lot, but what they say is difficult to understand; these people often have great difficulty understanding language themselves.
The language ability of most people with aphasia is somewherebetween these two extremes. Note that a person with aphasiagenerally still have full intellectual capacities!
A full recovery from aphasia is possible, but if symptoms persist long enough, usually more than six months, then a complete recovery becomes unlikely.
IS THERE ANY THERAPY?
- Speech therapy is the most common treatment for aphasia. Other types of therapy have also proven effective for some stroke survivors, including:
- Melodic intonation therapy sometimes allows stroke survivors to sing words they cannot speak. Also called Speech Music Therapy Aphasia/ SMTA
- Art therapy
- Visual speech perception therapy focuses on associating pictures with words.
- Constraint-induced language therapy involves creating a scenario in which spoken verbal communication is the only available option, and other types of communication, such as visual cues from body language, are not possible.
- Group therapy and support groups
WHAT IS DYSARTHRIA?
There is a difference between aphasia and dysarthria: Aphasia is language impairment while dysarthria is speech impairment. Literally dysarthria means: articulation difficulty. This may be due to coordination problems or muscle paralysis around the mouth.
Dysarthria can as a symptom occurring in specific neurological disorders such as, for example, a cerebrovascular accident (CVA, more commonly known as stroke), a brain tumor, a brain injury as a result of a (traffic) accident, or a disease, such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS ), Parkinson's disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).
A dysarthria may arise suddenly (for example, after a stroke), or gradually, in the case of a progressive disease.
Dysarthria can as a symptom occurring in specific neurological disorders such as, for example, a cerebrovascular accident (CVA, more commonly known as stroke), a brain tumor, a brain injury as a result of a (traffic) accident, or a disease, such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS ), Parkinson's disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).
A dysarthria may arise suddenly (for example, after a stroke), or gradually, in the case of a progressive disease.
The muscles of the lips, tongue, palate and vocal cords can not be used properly. Talking is unclear, monotonous, nasal and voice production is weak.
One speaks with irregular intervals. In short, there is little control when speaking.
Aphasia and dysarthria may co-occur in a single patient making it more difficult for his rehabilitation, but in most cases where pure aphasia condition occurs, patients are generally very well articulated compared to a dysarthria patients where their speech will always be distorted.
One speaks with irregular intervals. In short, there is little control when speaking.
Aphasia and dysarthria may co-occur in a single patient making it more difficult for his rehabilitation, but in most cases where pure aphasia condition occurs, patients are generally very well articulated compared to a dysarthria patients where their speech will always be distorted.
features dysarthria:
Unclear to unintelligible speech
Change in the rate of speech, someone is going to talk more quickly or speaks very slowly and precisely.
Monotonous voice: no emphasis
Too high or too low voice
The voice may sound hoarse or very soft
Superficial and feeble respiration or very audible breathing in and out
Accidental repetition of syllables, syllables or phrases (not to be confused with stuttering)
The voice may sound stuttering by pronouncing the syllable separately./The syllables can just blend too much.
Unclear to unintelligible speech
Change in the rate of speech, someone is going to talk more quickly or speaks very slowly and precisely.
Monotonous voice: no emphasis
Too high or too low voice
The voice may sound hoarse or very soft
Superficial and feeble respiration or very audible breathing in and out
Accidental repetition of syllables, syllables or phrases (not to be confused with stuttering)
The voice may sound stuttering by pronouncing the syllable separately./The syllables can just blend too much.
In brief: • Aphasia is language impairment caused by stroke, degenerative diseases or head injury that damages that part of the brain where language area is located. • Dysarthria is speech impairment may also be caused by stroke, or alcohol intoxication or traumatic head injury that affects the central or peripheral nervous system resulting to weak muscle control. • Aphasia may be well articulated but there is lack of comprehension of reading and writing. • Dysarthria is characterized by distorted or slurred speech, however comprehension may still be there. |
WHAT IS APRAXIA (OF SPEECH)?
Apraxia is a disorder of the motor planning of the brain. This kind of disorder is caused by damage that occurs in the cerebrum. Aphasia is caused by wounds on the left hemisphere of the brain. This is one of the main differences between Aphasia and Apraxia. In Apraxia the speech muscles are working properly but the problem is how to control these muscles of mouth and tongue. It's not always the same words or sounds that gives problems. The person with verbal apraxia struggles to pronounce the wordt correctly.
See video below. from the 38' second
Join topic expert Melissa Denker, MS, CCC-SLP, for the webinar Aphasia and Stroke and learn more about the following topics: | ||
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Melissa Denker is a speech language pathologist at Cheyenne Regional Medical Center in Cheyenne, Wyoming. | ||
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If you have aphasia Use props to make conversation easier (photos, maps). Draw or write things down on paper. Stay calm. Take one idea at a time. Show people what works best for you. Take your time. Make phone calls or try talking only when you have plenty of time. Create a communication book that includes words, pictures and symbols that are helpful. Use the Internet to connect to people via email or to create a personal webpage. Carry and show others a card or paper explaining what aphasia is and that you have it. Keep it in your purse or wallet. |
VIDEOS
Understood?
Research has shown that people with aphasia in general,regardless of severity or nature of aphasia, have difficultyunderstanding spoken language.
At best, someone needs more time to understand.
"Frequently it happens that one assumes that the person withaphasia has understood everything, while in reality, perhapsonly half is understood." says Jenny Palm neuropsychologist and author of several books on brain injury.
At best, someone needs more time to understand.
"Frequently it happens that one assumes that the person withaphasia has understood everything, while in reality, perhapsonly half is understood." says Jenny Palm neuropsychologist and author of several books on brain injury.
http://www.braininjury-explanation.com/unseen-consequenses-of-brain-injury/aphasia
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